1. Introduction:

Conducting simultaneous research across diverse geographical locations presents unique challenges, particularly when considering varying technological access and participant preferences. This case study details the development and implementation of a mixed-mode electronic data capture (EDC) system for a research study conducted concurrently in the United States (USA) and the Dominican Republic (DR). The system needed to accommodate both Android tablet-based data collection in the DR and a blended approach of tablets and a web-based interface for participants in the USA, all while leveraging a single central server for data management.

2. The Challenge:

The research study aimed to investigate the impact of [Hypothetical Research Topic, e.g., dietary habits on cardiovascular health] in two distinct populations: urban residents in the USA and rural communities in the DR. The challenges included:

  • Technological Disparity: Participants in the DR primarily had access to mobile devices, while those in the USA were more likely to have access to computers and the internet.
  • Language Differences: The study required data collection in both English and Spanish.
  • Data Consistency: Ensuring data consistency across two different collection modes and languages was crucial.
  • Real-time Data Access: Researchers needed real-time access to data from both locations for monitoring and analysis.
  • Data Security and Privacy: Protecting participant data across both countries was paramount.
  • Simultaneous Data Collection: Both sites needed to collect data concurrently, for the research study design.

3. The Solution: A Mixed-Mode EDC System with Centralized Server:

To address these challenges, a flexible and robust EDC system was developed, incorporating the following features:

  • Android Tablet Application (DR): A dedicated Android application was designed for data collection in the DR, optimized for offline use and data synchronization upon internet connectivity.
  • Web-Based Interface (USA): A secure, responsive web-based interface was developed for participants in the USA, allowing them to complete surveys and provide data through their computers or mobile devices.
  • Tablet Option (USA): In the USA, tablets were also used for in-person data collection for participants that were more comfortable with this method, or for situations where in person collection was needed.
  • Centralized Database: A single, secure database hosted on a central server was used to store data from both locations and collection modes.
  • Multilingual Support: The system supported both English and Spanish, with seamless language switching for participants and researchers.
  • Data Validation and Quality Control: Built-in data validation rules and quality control measures were implemented to ensure data accuracy and consistency.
  • Real-time Data Monitoring: A dashboard was developed to provide researchers with real-time access to data from both locations, enabling them to monitor progress and identify potential issues.
  • Secure Data Transmission and Storage: All data transmissions were encrypted, and the central server was secured with robust access controls.
  • User Management: The system included a user management module to control access permissions for researchers and data collectors.

4. Implementation:

  • System Development and Testing: The EDC system was developed and rigorously tested in both English and Spanish, ensuring compatibility with Android tablets and web browsers.
  • Training and Pilot Testing: Data collectors in both countries received comprehensive training on the use of the system. Pilot testing was conducted to identify and address any potential issues.
  • Data Collection: Data collection was conducted simultaneously in the USA and the DR, with data collectors using Android tablets in the DR and participants in the USA using the web-based interface or tablets.
  • Data Synchronization: Data collected on Android tablets in the DR was synchronized with the central server when internet connectivity was available.
  • Data Monitoring and Analysis: Researchers monitored data collection progress and conducted data analysis using the real-time dashboard and data analysis tools.
  • Ongoing Support: Technical support was provided to data collectors and participants throughout the study.

5. Results:

  • The mixed-mode EDC system successfully facilitated data collection across two geographically and technologically diverse locations.
  • The centralized database ensured data consistency and enabled real-time data access for researchers.
  • Multilingual support facilitated data collection in both English and Spanish.
  • Data validation and quality control measures minimized data errors.
  • The system was well-received by data collectors and participants in both countries.
  • The study was completed on schedule, and the data collected provided valuable insights into the research topic.

6. Lessons Learned:

  • Mixed-mode EDC systems can effectively address the challenges of conducting research across diverse populations.
  • A centralized database facilitates data consistency and real-time data access.
  • Multilingual support is essential for conducting research in diverse populations.
  • Thorough testing and training are crucial for the successful implementation of EDC systems.
  • Flexibility in data collection methods, like offering both web based and tablet options in the USA, increases participation rates.

7. Conclusion:

This case study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of developing and implementing a mixed-mode EDC system for binational research studies. By leveraging a centralized server and adapting data collection methods to the specific needs of each location, researchers were able to successfully collect high-quality data and achieve their research objectives. This approach can be adapted and applied to other research studies involving diverse populations and technological environments.